How to Build an Emergency Kit

An emergency kit is a crucial component of your disaster preparedness plan. It provides essential items you and your family need to survive in the immediate aftermath of a disaster. Here's a step-by-step guide to building a comprehensive emergency kit that ensures you are well-prepared for any emergency.

Basic Supplies

1. Water:

   • Store at least one gallon of water per person per day for a minimum of three days.

   • Consider additional water for pets and for sanitation needs.

2. Food:

   • A three-day supply of non-perishable food.

   • Include a manual can opener if your food is canned.

3. First Aid Kit:

   • Adhesive bandages, sterile gauze pads, adhesive tape, antiseptic wipes, scissors, tweezers, and a thermometer.

   • Over-the-counter medications such as pain relievers, anti-diarrhea medication, antacids, and laxatives.

   • Prescription medications (a seven-day supply is ideal).

4. Tools and Supplies:

   • Flashlight with extra batteries.

   • Multi-purpose tool or knife.

   • Whistle to signal for help.

   • Dust masks to help filter contaminated air.

   • Plastic sheeting and duct tape to shelter-in-place.

   • Wrench or pliers to turn off utilities.

5. Sanitation:

   • Moist towelettes, garbage bags, and plastic ties.

   • Personal hygiene items (toothbrush, toothpaste, soap, feminine hygiene products, etc.).

6. Clothing and Bedding:

   • A complete change of clothing for each person, including sturdy shoes.

   • Blankets or sleeping bags.

Important Documents

1. Identification:

   • Copies of IDs, passports, and birth certificates.

   • Emergency contact information.

2. Financial Documents:

   • Copies of insurance policies, bank account records, and credit card information.

   • Cash or traveler's checks.

3. Medical Records:

   • Copies of medical prescriptions and health insurance cards.

Communication Plan

1. Family Plan:

   • Designate a meeting place if separated.

   • Identify an out-of-town contact for everyone to check in with.

2. Emergency Contacts:

   • List of emergency contacts (family, friends, local emergency services).

   • Contact information for schools, workplaces, and childcare providers.

Home Safety

1. Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Detectors:

   • Ensure they are installed and working properly.

   • Test monthly and replace batteries as needed.

2. Fire Extinguishers:

   • Have at least one fire extinguisher in an easily accessible location.

   • Know how to use it properly.

3. Utility Shut-Off:

   • Learn how to turn off gas, water, and electricity in an emergency.

   • Ensure everyone in the household knows where the shut-off valves are located.

Pet Preparedness

1. Pet Supplies:

   • Food, water, and bowls.

   • Leash, harness, and carrier.

   • Medications and veterinary records.

   • Current photo in case you are separated.

Vehicle Emergency Kit

1. Vehicle Kit:

   • Jumper cables.

   • Flashlight with extra batteries.

   • First aid kit.

   • Basic tools (screwdrivers, pliers, wrench).

   • Blanket, maps, and emergency contact information.

   • Non-perishable food and bottled water.

Special Considerations

1. For Infants and Young Children:

   • Formula, diapers, bottles, and pacifiers.

   • Favorite toys, books, and games.

2. For Elderly or Disabled Individuals:

   • Medical devices and spare batteries.

   • Mobility aids (canes, walkers, wheelchairs).

3. For Chronic Medical Conditions:

   • Extra supplies of medications and medical equipment.

   • Medical alert tags or bracelets.

Maintenance and Review

1. Review and Update:

   • Review your emergency kit every six months.

   • Replace expired items and update documents as needed.

2. Practice Drills:

   • Conduct family emergency drills twice a year.

   • Review and practice your emergency communication plan.

Having a well-prepared emergency kit is essential for ensuring your safety and well-being in the event of a disaster. By following this guide, you can create a comprehensive kit that meets the needs of your household and provides peace of mind during emergencies.